Summary:
The “pulse” feature of the OS FD-Pulse is only able to bring the dose down to levels comparable to the InSight-FD. In addition… the OS FD-Pulse lacks a “snapshot” mode… which has the potential to increase dose compared to the InSight-FD for single image acquisitions.


Summary:
Mini-c-arm fluoroscopy remains a valuable resource to the orthopedic surgeon. Our data indicate that individuals outside the path of the radiation beam, including the surgeon, assistants, observers, and patient, are exposed to minimal radiation. However, all identifiable measures should still be taken to avoid unnecessary exposure, particularly prolonged exposure to direct beam radiation, as frequently as possible.


Summary:
In the clinical configurations tested in this study the mini C-arm had lower radiation exposures than the standard C-arm. To reduce radiation exposure maximally surgeons should stand behind the lead-encased image intensifier and should use techniques to reduce exposure.


Summary:
The use of a mini C-arm during elective foot and ankle surgery gave a significant reduction in radiation use when compared to standard fluoroscopy. Interestingly, we find no statistically significant difference between the screening times for the two groups. The introduction of a mini C-arm reduces the cost and we recommend its routine use in foot and ankle surgery.